Steve's Retro Year in Review for 2025

With 2025 coming to a close it's time to reflect back on another year in Retro Computing.  Alot of great things happened in 2025, some planned and some unexpected.  This is my seventh year being involved in Retro Computing and my interest continues, there seems to always be something new to learn and the forum members of the Vintage Computer Federation and Tinker Different continue to be a source of help and inspiration for new projects.  Also this year I authored my 100th bLog aticle here on Steve's Retro Computer bLog.

In my retrospective article from last year I mentioned that I wanted to downsize the collection.  I added fewer new computers to my collection this year and I said no to quite a few eBay and local listings that were interesting.  I added about 15 machines this year instead of the 20+ machines I'd been adding over the last couple of years and more importantly I sold quite a few of those 20+ machines from previous years as well.  Half of the computers I sold this year are ones I bought to fix up and resell since I really do enjoy the repair process.  It also helps to know ahead of time that I won't be keeping the machines, it makes it easier to sell them when the time comes.

I sell complete systems whenever possible on both Craigslist and FaceBook Market Place (FBMP).  This year I sold about two computers on FBMP for every one on Craigslist, but I will still continue to use both platforms.  I think I get alot more spam from FBMP, but I know I'm getting alot of views on that platform since they show you those statistics now.  I'm still pricing below eBay prices, and I'm seeing machines sell on average after about a 2-3 week wait.

I bought three lots of computers this year, one with seven machines (mostly compact Macs), one with three Macs, and the final lot with eight machines (mostly Apple IIs).  In each of these lots I knew there were only 1 or 2 computers I'd want to keep but having these computers on hand made it easy for me to find an interesting repair project any time.  I plan to keep doing this (assuming that I can continue to find small and medium sized lots of computers in "as is" condition).  If you know anyone that is downsizing or needs help disposing of an old computer collection, please let me know, I'd be glad to buy machines in as-is condition or just even just offer advice about selling.

As I look back at acquisitions this year I made good progress on getting early Apple II hardware.  I got an early Apple II Plus machine and then an original Apple II machine.  I also got to extend my collection of Next computers, adding another NextStation Mono Slab and and an HP PA RISC machine that runs NextStep really well.  I got a new CP/M Machine that I haven't completed repairs on yet and another early MS-DOS compatible Wang PC, so I'm continuing to learn about both of these types of machines.  I added a couple of calculators to the collection, although I do not intend to become a calculator collector, since I'm trying to stay focused in my area of interest for collecting.

I also completed a couple of Unix workstation projects that were a long time coming, first getting a Y2K Era Compaq Alpha Personal Workstation up and running after a long time waiting for parts and then getting a Sun Ultra 10 machine up and running.  The Sun project was a machine I got at VCF Midwest 2024 so that one took a while.  The Apple III Computer parts that I got in the fall of the year were totally unexpected, but alot of fun to repair and learn about.

I don't have much room to display retro computers, so none of the machines I've acquired this year are on display in my office, instead I have an Original IBM PC, a Compaq Portable I, a Macintosh Portable, an Apple Macintosh Perform 550, a Gateway 2000 Slimline 486, a PDP-11 with VT-220 Terminal, and an Apple IIe as shown here...

During 2026 I need to think about focusing my interests even more and continuing to downsize the collection.  I still have more beige box PCs that I don't want in the collection and I will also consider downsizing other categories of machines.

During 2026 I should spend more time with software setup on the machines I already have.  Alternative Operating Systems has long been an interest of mine, and many of these machines support multiple OSes.  Networking is also one of my interests so I'd also like to spend time connecting more of the machines together.

What about you?  Do you have any highlights to share about fixing or using old computers in 2025 or plans for next year that you'd like to share?  Feel free to leave a comment below, or reach out to me via email at the address shown in my Blogger Profile.

Another member of the 1977 Trinity Joins the Collection - Apple II

One of my long term goals for collecting Retro Computers is to get the original Trinity of Home Computers from 1977, the TRS-80 Model 1, an original Apple II and a original Commodore PET.  In 2023 I got a really dirty TRS-80 Model 1 and cleaned it up.  I have a Commodore PET 4016 from 1980, but it's not the original machine.  I've also got an early Apple II Plus machine from 1979 which I've setup with the original ROMs so it would behave like an Apple II.

Earlier this year I found out about a large lot for sale locally and I jumped at the chance to buy the entire lot.  I've blogged about starting in on that lot of repairs here already.  I mentioned that I would set the Apple II aside for repairs.  It didn't sit for to many weeks before I came back too it.  Ironically, this machine was built in 1980, one year after my Apple II Plus but they have the same Revision 4 motherboards inside.  If you look on the timeline on Wikipedia it does not show any overlap between Apple II and II+ production but I think that is incorrect, Apple continued to make Apple II and II Plus at the same time and that may have continued right up till they switched to making the Apple IIe in 1983.

When I got the computer on the workbench I found that the video signal was stable but I was getting garbage characters.  Also, not all the keys on the keyboard were working.  I started by taking the entire machine apart and cleaning it throughly, it wasn't too dirty, but the seller had told me these were stored in a basement for years so the machine was just dusty.  This machine will never be a museum piece.  It came from the University of Minnesota so I've left those asset tags on the machine.  It has quite a few scratches and bumps on it but I don't mind since I intend to actually use this machine.

The Keyboard is a Datanetics type.  I sprayed Deoxit on the keys that were not working and most of them came back to function just by cycling them a few dozen times, but the S key was persistently broken.  I was able to find a couple of Datanetics key switches on eBay so I ordered a couple.  After replacing the S key the keyboard was fully functional, except that the power light was out.  I removed the bulb and tested it, it was working, so it just needed to be reseated into the keyboard and it has been working fine since.

The garbage characters on the screen were a harder fix.  I removed every single socketed IC off the motherboard and sprayed the DIP sockets with Deoxit and replaced them but the problem persisted.  I should have tested all the RAM chips but at the time I didn't have a tester for the 4116 RAM chips used on this machine (I have since got a working tester for these).  Eventually I was able to identify bad 4116 RAM chips by trial and error and swap them out.  Since this is an original Apple II I have configured this with 48K RAM.   I will be leaving the 64K RAM card out, and I will not be adding an Autostart ROM, which makes this more authentic to the original experience.  Since the machine starts up in the ROM Monitor you have to learn at least one ROM Monitor command (Control-B) to get BASIC started every time you boot the machine.  I enjoyed learning about all the different early ROM versions of the Apple II and II+ and this is much more interesting now that I have access to the hardware.  Incidentally, the Apple I also started up in the ROM Monitor, and this was all code written by Steve Wozniak himself.

During the repairs the original power supply failed.  This was not the most common failure of RIFA filter capacitors which can be easily replaced, so I removed the circuit board and replaced it with the Reactive Micro Apple II Power Supply kit.  It still looks original because that fits in the original case, but I enjoy having the peace of mind that comes with a modern power supply.

Although I am interested in experimenting with the original hardware configuration, I'm not thrilled with the idea of loading programs from tape, so I may go ahead and leave the Disk II controller attached even though I know it wasn't an option in 1977.  The Disk II system was and is an amazing "quality of life" upgrade for this machine.

I'm quite happy with how this machine turned out...

Do you have memories of the original Apple II?  If you have stories or thoughts please leave a comment here, or reach out via my email shown in my profile.

My Apple III Adventure

The Apple /// Computer was released by Apple in 1980.  It has an iconic design, and was a famous failure for Apple.  They were trying to increase their share of the business of selling computers for business.  The chronology is important otherwise we risk passing judgement on the decision makers at Apple with the benefit of hindsight.  We should remember that Apple did got a taste of the potential of the Business market when Visicalc was only available on Apple II.  This "killer app" sold alot of Apple II computers for a period of time, but by 1980 Visicalc was becoming avaliable on other platforms.  The IBM PC wouldn't be out for another year (1981), and it would be several years after that before IBM PC Compatibility would emerge as a market trend.  I think this context makes the design decisions around Apple III a bit more understandable.  It's likely the failure of the system was due to the complexity of the system and technical problems with the computers.  This system was arguably the first Apple project that didn't have Steve Wozniak at the helm, and it does feel like a system that was designed by a committee.  Or maybe it just feels more corporate (by design).

Because the systems were a commercial failure they have always been rare in comparison to Apple IIs.  Because they are early Apple computers they've become more desirable for collectors and more expensive to purchase but once again my retro computer friend Steve Hatle has been very generous with several parts machines.  This gave me a very good shot at getting a working Apple /// system.  On intake the pile of hardware looked like this...

Working my way thorough the hardware I noticed that there were two different types of main circuit boards.  I started watching repair videos and downloading and reading manuals since I've never owned or even used an Apple III machine before.  As is so often the case, Adrian Black came through with a really informative Apple III video.  There was an earlier design and a later design for the Apple III.  I had one machine with the later design and one with the earlier design as well as a spare main logic board and memory board of the older type that was quite dirty.

One of the first things I learned was that all the RAM on an Apple III is on an expansion board.  The machines won't boot at all without that board installed.  The older style main board has 12 Volt RAM and can go up to 128K, the newer style RAM board runs at 5 Volts and can go up too 256K.  The differences are explained here, but the important point is that the RAM boards can not be swapped without changes to the motherboard!

On intake both machines were showing signs of life.  I started repairs with the older machine.  I went through and tested all the RAM chips one at a time.  The first row must be populated by special 32K RAM chips that Apple had made for them at the time.  These are prone to failure and I don't have a tester that will work with these chips so I pulled the RAM off both of the 12V RAM boards and tested using trial and error.  The Apple III does have a helpful RAM diagnotic on boot, but I don't think it's a very thorough test, which I will come back to later.  The second and third rows can be populated with 4116 RAMs, which I can test offline with a low cost tester from eBay, there were several bad chips that I replaced from chips I have in stock.  After that, the machine would get through the diagnostics and try to boot.

Neither keyboard was complete.  I was able to scavenge parts off one keyboard to get the first keyboard working.  I cleaned the External and Internal Floppy Disk drives and they appear to be working good.  After this the machine would boot off Floppy Disks I made from disk images on the Internet. It was very gratify to see the machine boot for the first time.  I started poking around with the Apple III and learning about the operating system software (called SOS) but then put this project on hold just before Vintage Computer Festival.

During VCF Midwest I was happy to learn from  Chris Tersteeg that the Apple III could boot off a Fujinet.  I got one of these circuit boards from Chris that allows the Apple III ROM to be modified to auto start a smart port device.  I later learned that you can make a special boot floppy that will do the same thing.  The project is called SOSHDBOOT by Rob Justice.  I also spent quite a bit of time experimenting with a similar project that allows the DAN II Controller to boot in the Apple III, but I ended up damaging my DAN II because I didn't notice that one of the slots on the Apple III had the end broken off.  I ended up having mis-alignment of the connector pins in the slot which caused a short of some kind. I don't know what the failure mode was exactly, but I could smell that things were getting hot before I shut down, and then the card will no longer work in an Apple II.  The Dan II is an open source project, so I hope to come back to that repair, but I have set that card aside for now.  On the Apple III I don't need four expansion slots, so I've tapped off the damaged one for a future repair and pivoted to using the BOOTI card instead since it is also supported.

I discovered through trial and error some of the error codes for the SOSHDBOOT project which I'll share here:
BOOT ERROR C = No Smart Port Device Detected
BOOT ERROR R = Device Detected, but Not Good (One error is fragmented image files, fix here)
BOOT ERROR S = Device Detected and Drive Detected, but can't boot, (could also be fragmentation)

This project includes several Hard Drive image files pre loaded with software.  As a beginner to the III I was quite excited about not having to figure out program installation, but my excitement faded when the boot up stopped with an error message:
Selector Error 0D:.PROFILE/SOS.MENU

I thought that it may have another mistake that I'd made with the software setup on the drive emulation so I used Chris T's adapter to hook up my FloppyEmu to the external Floppy Disk port and put the same disk image on that.  I got the same error message.  So this made me think that the problem may be with the hardware configuration, maybe I didn't have enough RAM?  I looked for system requirements for the Selector III software that creates the boot menu, but I couldn't find that online.

But I wanted to work on the newer machine anyway, so I pivoted back to that and started doing more troubleshooting on the second machine.  The state I had left this machine is that it would do the diagnostics and pass with a keyboard attached, but it would not boot SOS.  It would boot the Confidence test disk, but it would only run for a few minutes before locking up with garbage characters on the screen.

I had used the on-board RAM diagnostics to condemn and replace several of the RAM chips in a previous troubleshooting session.  The machine was passing the boot RAM diagnostics, but I decided to remove the RAM and test one at a time on the separate RAM tester again.  What I found was a surprise, one of the "known good" RAM chips that I'd tested when I put the RAM in storage was the culprit, I should have been testing the replacement RAM as it went into the machine!  When I replaced that, the machine was back to booting and running with it's full 256K RAM.

Now I had a machine to test the theory about the Apple III Selector III menu needing 256K RAM.  This did indeed solve the problem, the Smart Port functionality works, and I have a second functional Apple III with an emulated Profile Hard Drive full of software to explore!  Very exciting.  Here's the machine paired with a Monitor III I had gotten with a previous Apple II purchase...

I spent a bit more time with the keyboards and a third parts keyboard from Steve.  I had been told before that if the light bulb on the keyboard died, the system would not recognize the keyboard, but I forgot that till I got to the point where I needed two working keyboards.  Sure enough, replacing the dead light bulbs on these two parts keyboards does allow them to be recognized by the computer, so this was another hurdle overcoming to getting the second machine back up and running.

Another side excursion on this project was the Power Supplies.  On the newer machine I purchased one of the Reactive Micro power supply upgrade kits.  This provides peace of mind.  On the second machine, I was continuing to use one of the original Astec power supplies without having given it much though, but I should have!  A couple of hours into one of the troubleshooting sessions the big RIFA on the high voltage side of the power supply gave way and released its magic smoke.  As the smell lingered in the basement I replaced the Rifas with modern filter caps from a different brand.  I've got a few hours on this repaired power supply, so far so good with that repair.

The second "Full" Keyboard is not quite perfect, I had to make some printed labels for a couple of the keys and the Alpha Lock key is a momentary key not a toggle.  The bezel around the keyboard is smashed, but other than that this is a second working Apple III machine that is somewhere between a partially completed project and a parts machine...

I did not anticipate at the start of this project that I'd be able to get two functional Apple III machines out of this lot.  These machines have a bad reputation but so far my experience with them has been good.  I'm going to keep the first machine setup and I'll keep poking around with it and learn more about the software.  One of my next goals is to try to get a printer working.

Do you have memories of using the Apple III?  Repair Stories?  Feel free to comment or send me an email using my address stored in my Profile at the top of the page.

VCF Midwest 2025 Recap

It's late September and VCF Midwest #20 (2025) is in the rear-view mirror.  This was my fourth in-person visit to VCF Midwest, but I think of the online only 2020 event as my first VCF, so I've been to five total VCF events now.  It was another excellent event this year and I really enjoyed being there.

I decided a couple of months ahead of the event that I was too busy to exhibit this year so I bowed out of having a table for the first time in 2 years.  It was nice to not have to worry about prepping and I already have an exhibit idea that I'm excited about for next time.  I'll save that as a surprise for next VCF.

This year at VCF I invited along a couple of my Minnesota based retro computer friends who came for the first time.  It was more enjoyable to have a shared experience; shared meals, attending talks, and of course walking the show floor.  Of course we also talked with alot of the other Minnesota based folks that travelled to the event.

I spent a fair bit of time walking the show floor on my own looking for bits and pieces for projects.  I had planned ahead of time that I was not going to buy new projects (unless there were deals I couldn't pass up) because I already have a handful of new projects from the previous lots I purchased locally earlier this year that I haven't got too yet.  I was successful, bringing home only a small number of items from the show...

The monitor is a composite green screen that I'll pair with and resell with an Apple IIe project.  The Pizza Box computer is an HP PA RISC machine, an 712/60 from 1993.  I've been holding onto another one of these so this allowed me to get started on an HP 712/60 project which will probably be a future bLog article.  There are a couple of Apple Unidisk drives that will pair up with an Apple IIe Platinum and my IIgs systems, and most of the rest of the lot is various kits for pending or future projects.

One of the highlights of the show was the last minute addition of Lee Felsenstein.  I'd read his book earlier this year and quite enjoyed his take on the early days of home computing in the SF Bay Area.  I got to meet Lee and he signed my copy of his book...

I didn't get to talk to Lee for very long, but it was fun to meet one of the originals from the Homebrew Computer Club, certainly a highlight of the weekend for me.  One of my friends from Minnesota brought down his Sol-20 computer and Lee signed his computer manual, too.  I have an Osbourne computer, but it's a bit of a hodge-podge so I didn't bring it to show to Lee.

Sunday morning was significantly quieter at the show.  Since I didn't have a table, I just did a single lap of the show, purchased a few final items, and then headed home.  I'm already looking forward to next year.

My Personal Personal Computer History - 100th bLog Article

For my 100th bLog article, I thought I'd do something nostalgic and go back and outline my own history with personal computing.  When I started in the hobby 6 years ago I didn't know if it would be possible for me to collect the computers I'd previously owned but it has been possible, and I've written bLog articles about all but one machine, an omission which I will remedy in this article.

I started out with the VIC-20 that my Uncle gave me in the last 80s when he upgraded to the C64.  I've already written about my new VIC-20.  Since that article I've been able to get a Penultimate II Cartridge which has alot of fun games on it.  I've also found a good deal on a "PET Keys" VIC-20 and added that to the collection, so now I have a good running machine and a parts machine if needed.  When I was a kid I tinkered with the expansion port on my VIC-20 and ended up destroying the computer, at the time I didn't know how to repair computers so we were without a computer at home for a while, a gap in my Personal Computing resume.

Of course all throughout this time I used computers at school.  We had Apple II computers at school.  We had mostly Apple IIe but also a couple of IIgs machines.  I don't recall using a Mac during my High School years although there must have been a couple of them around in the early 90s.

After High School I moved to college at the Milwaukee School of Engineering.  When I first started school there I didn't have my own computer and was reliant on the computer labs.  At this point in time some of the programming courses were still being taught on DEC VAX hardware.  I think the school may have been running 11/780s.  One lab had VT220 terminals and another had 320s.  The school also had Macintosh labs and PC Labs for the students to use, but in my electrical engineering course we were encouraged to use PCs.  Shortly after I started school during my freshman year I got a Slimline Gateway 2000 486 PC, that would have been in 1993.  It was my first new computer.

After college I moved to Minneapolis for work.  I continued to use the 486 until 1999 when I got an Apple Power Macintosh G3 Blue and White.  I was starting to get into shooting and editing Digital Video as a hobby at that time and the G3 was a necessary tool for that hobby.  I paired the Mac with a 17" Sony Trinitron CRT, it was a great setup, although I do recall how painful it was to use the Puck Mouse.  I ended up buying an accessory to change the shape of the Puck Mouse and make it more ergonomic.

That machine worked well for quite a few years, I think we used it up till 2004 or 2005.  At that point we purchased a Power Mac G5.  This was the last of the Apple professional computers I purchased new.  I have re-acquired a 2005 dual processor G5 for my collection. This is a computer I have not blogged about before, so here's a picture of the setup...

We used the G5 till 2009 when I bought our first Intel Mac Mini. Since then we've used a string of Mac Mini machines, up to and including an M4 Mac Mini I bought earlier this year.  These are great value for money but I not nearly as interesting.

Thanks for following along with my bLog!  The retro community is a really amazing group of people and I hope I can give back just a little bit here on the bLog by sharing about my experiences restoring computers regardless if they are nostalgic like the machines listed above or projects built to learn about the history of technology.

What about you?  Let me know about your personal computing history in the comments below, or find my email address in my profile.  Did you have any of the same computers?  What are your "grail computers" for your collection and why?

Another Retro Lot: Recovery, Repair, and Resale

One of my fellow vintage computer collector friends posted a listing on the Free Geek Twin Cities Discord server in the "Swap Meet" channel about a lot of Vintage Computers posted on Facebook Marketplace.  There were eight computers, mostly Apple IIs of various vintages, untested but priced to sell quickly.  I had some free time on that day and so I immediately jumped on the post.  It's always a pleasant surprise when I'm first in line since so many folks are interested in vintage computers.  I went down within a couple of hours and met seller for the pickup, he had been a huge fan of Apple computers back in the day.  He had collected these machines from the University of Minnesota when they got retired from the computer labs.  He is still involved with software too this day and he was glad to hear that these would be moved to other homes.

This is the third lot I've gotten this year, I already blogged about the first lot here.  I only have one repair left from that lot, a pair of Macintosh 512K machines.  That will be a more complicated repair because servicing the 400K drives is difficult, but I know how to do that now so I expect to be able to bring the drives back to working order.  All the other machines from that lot have been fixed up and resold already.

The second lot had three machines in it but only one I wanted to keep, a Macintosh Quadra 650.  I installed a BlueSCSI in that machine and it's back in good running order.  I still have some big box software but the other two machines (a Macintosh Plus and a Power Mac G4 Quicksilver) have sold and much of the boxed software was donated to Free Geek.

When I got this lot home I was faced with a pile of incoming material to process...

The lot included an original Apple II from 1980, four Apple IIe machines, two green screen monitors for those machines, two Apple IIcs with two CRTs, and a NextStation w/ Keyboard and Mouse (but no monitor).  On the first pass through these machines I had the following results:

The original Apple II is booting and running, but the video is rolling.  Since this is a machine that I want to keep I set this machine aside for a future repair.

Of the four Apple IIe one just worked with some basic cleaning and testing and one with a DuoDisk only needed a new cable, which are avaliable online from this vendor.  I've already sold those two Apple IIe machines, but I have two more which power up with garbage characters on the screen so that will be a future repair.  I've repaired multiple Apple IIes in the past so I'm looking forward to that repair.

Of the two Apple IIc machines only one was complete.  Neither showed signs of life.  The incomplete machine is an early revision which matches the Apple IIc I already have so I'll keep it as a parts machine.  The second Apple IIc didn't work right away but I took it all apart and cleaned and inspected it.  While I was re-assembling it I put deoxit on all the connectors and after that it came back to life.  I ordered a 3rd party power supply to make this a complete listing and it sold.  I also had made a bunch of DOS boot disks and Flapple Bird floppy disks so that I could include software with the Apple IIs as I've been selling them, it's really nice to be able to set people up with a functioning system.

Finally, the NextStation.  These can not be tested without Next hardware as the connectors are proprietary.  I am fortunate to have a complete NextStation setup, so I was able to setup and test this machine.  The Keyboard and Mouse were both working, but I had some trouble with the NextStation itself.  I had forgotten that this machine will not boot at all if the clock battery is dead.  When I moved the good battery over to the new NextStation it booted right up!  I ordered another new battery to replace the dead one.  It may come as no surprise that the Quantum SCSI HDD was dead so I installed a BlueSCSI V2 into the machine and got NextStep 3.3 installed and booting on that.  I'll be holding on to this machine at least for now.

It's been fun to meet the people who buy these machines.  We have some interesting conversations and I get to hear about their experiences with machines like this, and their plans for their new acquisitions.  I've had a couple of repeat customers and even made friends with some of the buyers.  So as I complete a few more of these repairs I look forward to helping people expand their collection while I build my own.

Let me know if you have a lot of retro computers to sell, or if you have memories of using these machines, or have been helped by my repair experiences.  You can comment below or reach out via email with the contact information in my profile.

My Newest, Oldest Apple II Plus (1979)

There were three very important home computers that came out in 1977, the Commodore PET, the Apple II and the Radio Shack TRS-80 Computers.  We retroactively call the Radio Shack the TRS-80 Model 1 but that is not how it was advertised at the time.  Also, the use of the term trinity to describe these three computers is something that appears to have begun in the mid 90s.

One of my goals in the Retro Computing hobby is to own all three of the original premade personal computers that didn't have to be built from kits like the Altair 8800.  So far I have been able to acquire; an Apple II Plus from 1979, a Commodore PET 4016 from 1980, and an original TRS-80 Model 1 computer.

Recently on a trip to Free Geek Twin Cities I was able to acquire another Apple II Plus machine and this turned out to be a machine from 1979.  This got me thinking again about wanting to get as close as possible to an original Apple II experience from 1977 and so I started doing research.  Tech Time Traveller has a really helpful video on this topic here.  He also painnstakingly built up this list of machines have have sold on eBay, since eBay doesn't keep pricing information and old listings around on their site very long  Thanks Tech Time Traveller!  Now that I know an original Apple II from eBay is probably more than I want to spend right now, what are my options?

Going back to the machine from  Free Geek, I learned that the board in my "newest" Apple II Plus is a "Revision 4" logic board.  This is from the period in 1979 was when Apple was making both the II and the II Plus at the same time, and often with the same logic board and only different ROMs and different RAM amounts.

At the same time as this was going on a listing came up on eBay for a computer that was listed as an original Apple II machine, but after inspecting it it seems likely that this machine had been upgraded to II Plus, which I later confirmed was the consensus in one of the Apple II Facebook groups.  I'm still considering the option of building an "Original Apple II" by getting bits and pieces and putting them together, but I think I'd rather hold out and wait till one comes along that is more complete locally, or with a backstory that I can learn about.

In the meantime, I learned about the Apple II ROM card, which was a period correct accessory card from 1979 that folks bought when they were upgrading their Apple IIs to Apple II Plus which allowed them to put the old ROMs onto an expansion board and switch them in at will from a switch on the back of the computer.  I used to have a modern card that did this, but ironically that card failed, so I set out to find a vintage card that still had the correct ROMs on it (Many, perhaps most of the ones on eBay have been stripped).  This article on the VCFed forums explains which ROMs where the period correct ones for an original Apple II (With Woz's Integer basic, and without Applesoft Basic).  I was able to find and acquire one of these period correct cards with the full ROM set, and it works great...

So, as of this writing, my Apple II Plus behaves in exactly the same way as the original machine, so I am now able to explore software from that era.  A good win for a reasonable price with parts that are still relatively inexpensive.

Apple II Plus - Trash to Treasure - Part III - The End?

I haven't given an update on my Bell and Howell Apple II Plus machine since 2020.  I have done several little upgrades on that machine which have combined to produce an amazing looking machine.  This year at VCF Midwest I got to talk to the owner of MacEffects, thank him, and show him a picture of the machine. Later I realized that I haven't posted about this machine here on the bLog.

Since I last blogged about this machine, I asked around about which color monitor would pair with the machine.  I realize that most Apple II machines of this era would have been paired with Black and White monitors, but I was holding out for a Color monitor that existed at the time.  It turns out that the Sony PVM line does go back to the 80s.  I didn't find a period correct PVM but I was able to buy one that is the right size to sit on top with the floppy drive next too it.

I also added the Language Card to get the machine up to 64K, and a Microsoft Z80 card so I can run CP/M on this machine.  I made some wiring repairs in the backpack for the power supply so it would be more reliable.  I make a joystick adapter to go from the DIP style connector to a 9-pin connector so that I can plug in Apple IIe style peripherals to this machine.

But the most dramatic changes are cosmetic.  After having an eBay saved search running for several years an Apple II Plus Top Cover came up.  I had seen one a couple years back and I took a pass on it, but I'd been regretting that decision so I jumped on this top cover.  Since it was for an Apple II Plus, the badge and color was wrong but as I have alluded too MacEffects is producing reproduction badges.  So with a bit of paint for the top cover and a new badge, it looks like a Bell and Howell top cover.

Knowing that I would have the computer looking amazing, and seeing that MacEffects also has case badges for the Floppy Drives, I purchased one of these as well.  Taking the drive apart to repaint the housing was pretty straightforward.

After a bit of repainting my barn find Bell & Howell Apple II Plus looks better than I ever could have hoped given the state the machine was in at the start...

During VCF Midwest I talked to another owner of one of these machines and through conversation with him and with other folks I learned that mine is one of the earlier machines.  It has the sought after Backpack (although the audio section of mine is not working) and it has keyboard keys that are more smooth.  Apparently Apple switched keyboard vendors later in the product run.

I'm super happy to have this machine in the collection and grateful to the community for the help, advice, and new parts that I needed in order to get this machine back to where it is now.  It's certainly in my top ten favorite machines in my collection.

Vintage Computer Festival Midwest 2024 Recap

Vintage Computer Festival Midwest 2024 is in the Review Mirror.  I was happy to be there for my third in-person visit, and my second time as an exhibitor.  This year I had a busy summer, so I wanted to show a display that was easier to setup with no large projects required in order to prepare a hands on exhibit.  So I decided on the topic of "Laptop Evolution: 1988 to 1999".  I prepared 8 laptops to bring down and show off, but because of demo gremlins, I ended up with 6 working computers, then when the Mac Portable's HDD died, I was down to 5 computers on the demo table.

This year for the first time some of my family members expressed interest in tagging along for the roadtrip to Chicago and this made the event more fun for me.  One of my daughters is selling Retro-Computer themed art made out of e-waste.  She almost sold out at the show, but a few items are left on her etsy shop here...
Burbots

Here is what the booth setup looked like...

From left to right on the top of the table; my daughters art, then my interactive display.  Down below on the floor I setup computers that I'd repaired and that were for sale.  I only brought home 3 of the 9 computers I brought to sell, so I was quite happy with that result.

So far the only coverage I've seen online of the event that showed my booth was this video from Chris DeHut.  Chris is absolutely right about the screens, I wanted folks to experience how great the keyboards where and how poor the screens were.  Everyone knows about Moore's law and those of us who are old enough remember when our computers were doubling in speed every time we replaced them but there were a few cool things about the old hardware, including the amazing keyboards and the creative form factors that we used to have before all laptops started looking the same.

I unloaded about 8 parts machines or project machines onto the Free Pile.  This year the Free Pile was a happening place and I don't think anything that I put out there sat for more than a few hours.  The only thing I got off the free pile was a diskette holder for 5 1/4" disks, but since one of my goals for the event was to come home with less material than I left with, I was OK with that.

The only complete "new to me" computer that I brought home was a Sun Ultra 5 machine that I had been offered by a generous donor who is downsizing their collection.  I'm very happy to have this machine and it comes with a special surprise, but I will save that for a future bLog article.

As always, the highlight of the festival is the conversations.  I had many conversations with people I already knew from here in Minnesota or from YouTube but I also met many interesting people, some of who walked into the show because they were in the hotel for a different conference.  I heard many interesting stories from people about their experiences with computers and that is really what makes the show so much fun.  Here's a few of the stickers and cards that I collected, my daughter had an even larger collection...

The new show venue was excellent.  It was so much less stressful not having to worry about the power situation and having space for people to stand and talk and also move around instead of being crapped into tight aisles.  This also helps with the interactive exhibits because people don't feel like they had to move on immediately if they don't want too.  The hotel rooms were a bit more expensive, but I feel that the venue was so much nicer that it was a small price to pay and I would be happy if the organizers could get us back into the same venue next year.

Thanks so much too the organizers of the VCF Midwest event, your efforts are very much appreciated!  This event remains the highlight of the year for me in the retro computing hobby, and the people and ideas that I see at the show will inspire projects and conversations that will continue throughout the year.

Bargain Retro Computer Fixer-Uppers

It is quite common for me and my fellow retro computer collectors to complain about the high prices that Retro computer hardware gets on eBay, but there are still good deals to be had in local markets from people who are doing cleanups.  Personally I use Craigslist and Facebook Marketplace.  I find many of these deals as referrals from my network of friends who know I'm looking for these machines.  It's good to have realistic expectations going in, as most of these lower price computers will require repairs of some kind to bring them back to use.  

Recently I've been able to acquire the following small lots:

$70 for an Apple IIe and a tote full of retro PC software and hardware (Apple IIe was advertised as untested, and it had broken keys)

$50 for an Apple Macintosh Plus (Tested at the store before purchase, boots to ? icon)

$80 for an original Mac and a Macintosh Plus (advertised as not working, and without a keyboard, mouse, or other hardware)

None of these computers were advertised as working.  When I see a local ad like this, I look at the other items that this seller has listed.  If they have alot of Retro computer stuff for sale that is working then I'm less likely to believe that items are "untested", tested and not working is more likely.  But sometimes the seller will indicate that they don't have a monitor to test and I find this explanation more believable.  

The Apple IIe was listed this way, stating that the seller didn't have a monitor to test with and so it was sold untested.  Apple IIes are know to be quite reliable (unlike Commodore 64s of the era), and so when I got it home and connected to an Apple II compatible monitor, it fired right up.  I did have to replace a RIFA cap. in the power supply, and I had to remove the keyboard and replace two key switches and key caps.  This was something I knew would be needed going into the purchase from the sellers pictures and description.  I have fixed Apple keyboards before with parts I purchased from an eBay seller that specializes in Apple keyboard parts.  After the keyboard repair the machine was complete and fully functional.

The first Macintosh Plus was purchased because I have several of the early compact Macs and I wanted to have another computer of this type to use as a Parts machine.  This Mac Plus was working at the store, but I ended up spending time reflowing many of the solder joints on the Analog board to get it starting more reliable.  I also took the floppy disk drive out and lubricated and tested that.  This machine is fully working and I stored it with my other compact macs.

The original Mac and Mac Plus lot was not a purchase I had intended to make, but a friend tipped me off and since original Macs don't come up very often at a good price I gave the listing a good look.  The case was clearly in rough condition but I could see from looking at the ports on the back that the logic board was still inside.  So I made an appointment to buy the systems,  They looked as advertised so I paid for them and brought them home.  

At home, I confirmed that both of the systems were not working (the same symptoms the seller had indicated) and I got to work on the original Mac.  I was hoping that there would be enough parts to make at least one working machine from the two.  It turns out that the original mac wasn't booting because it has a memory expansion board that was not properly seated.  I removed the logic board, re-seated the card, and the machine came to life!

The second Mac Plus was more difficult to troubleshoot.  I have narrowed the problem down to the Aanlog board, but there are no obvious burn marks or leaking caps.  I have put this repair on hold for now and will store the Mac Plus with my other parts machines.  Even without getting this final Mac Plus working, this purchase was still a bargain, but I am sure that I'll come back to the Mac Plus at some point.

So, if you enjoy repairing retro computers there are still many bargains to be had on these machines, it just requires patience and a willingness to accept machines that may have some damage.  For me, I very much enjoy the hands on experience with these machines and so I'd rather have a good solid functional machine with some blemishes than a cosmetically perfect machine that doesn't boot up and run.

Have you fixed any vintage tech. recently?  Let me know in the comments below, or feel free to send me an email and let me know what you are working on.

Assembling an Apple IIgs - Late 80s & Early 90s 16 Bit Retro Computer

In the fall of 2021, I heard from a fellow member of the Retro Computer community on the Free Geek Twin Cities Discord server that they were selling an Apple IIgs.  This machine had been on my Wish List for some time as it has some nostalgia for me.  The IIgs was the "new powerful" machine for me when I was in Junior High and High School, and I looked forward to using it when I was at school as an upgrade over the Apple IIe.  Also, GS/OS was the first Graphical User Interface that I personally used.

As I've become more familiar with the history of Apple II, I've learned that the IIgs was the most powerful Apple II machine and the “end of the line” for this iconic series of machines.  I was able to make a deal with the previous owner and I got the machine home and started to go over it.  The machine had been at a school and mostly just needed cleaning up.

When I first got the IIgs home I had only the base unit. not the correct monitor or keyboard, but since the machine had a Composite output I was able to connect an older Apple IIe Color Monitor that I already had.  This was the first Apple computer to use the ADB bus, and although I didn't have the unique keyboard, I was able to use a different ADB keyboard and mouse that I already had from a late 80s Macintosh.  With these plugged in along with floppy drives and a FloppyEmu that I already had I was able to get the machine booting and running, and to create floppy disks for the machine.

This machine was a Rev 0 machine (not the "Woz" signature edition).  I discovered that many collectors feel that ROM 1 machines had better compatibility than ROM 0, so I looked for a replacement ROM and was able to find this device.  It was a fairly inexpensive addition, easy to install and easily reversible should I decide to go back to ROM 0.

My IIgs included an original Memory Expansion board that was not fully populated with RAM DIPs.  I was able to source the correct RAM DIPs from Jameco and get that card fully populated, bringing the system total to 1.25MB, enough to load GS/OS.   I will point out that the period correct RAM DIPs were not cost effective, dollar for dollar I would have been better off getting a modern RAM upgrade for the IIgs to bring it to closer to it Maximum RAM capacity.

After working with the IIgs a while, I realized that I was really missing the look of the matching monitor and keyboard.  I put out some feelers with the Free Geek community, and was very pleased when a fellow retro computing enthusiast offered to sell me one of their keyboards along with a IIgs Monitor.  I finally had the "matched set"...

Although I know this is a somewhat common Apple II vs. others that I have collected I've really enjoyed this machine due the nostalgia factor that I have with it.  One the most important lessons of this build was being willing to go slow and accumulate the parts as they came.  As usual, the forums have been a great source of information with a community that is more than willing to offer advice and support.

I'm more skeptical than I was about the value of Retrobright since it's likely that computers will just end up yellowing again.  But in this situation the IIgs itself had stickers on it that I've removed and this has left the base un-evenly yellowed.  Also, the Monitor has hardly any yellowing and the Keyboard is the most yellow of all the items so I will be attempting to Retrobright most of this computer during our long days here in Minnesota this summer.

Other than that, this machine is complete.  I've got a flash based storage solution inside this machine, and I've found and loaded a bunch of games on this machine.  I'm especially interested in the 16-bit games from the late eighties and early nineties because I don't have a machine like the Amiga 500 or Atari ST.  Here's a great YouTube playlist that goes through many of these titles.

My (Current) Favorite Retro Computers

It's been a while since I took a picture of my basement shelf where I store my most frequently used Retro / Vintage Computers.  The ones that are out and get used are my de facto "favorite" retro computers, and there's been a fair amount of change on the wire rack since my last update.  I thought I'd outline which computers are out, and why:

From Top to Bottom, Left to Right, on the file cabinet is the NeXTstation Mono Slab (1990).  This is one of my newer acquisitions from Vintage Computer Festival Midwest 2021.  I've still got alot to learn about this machine, and I also have some hardware on order for the machine so I'll be leaving it out for a while.

Next is an original Compaq Portable I (1983).  This was a "project" machine from Free Geek Twin Cities and my first XT class machine.  As one of my first Retro computer "rescues", I really enjoyed the process of getting it working again.  I also really like the design of it and I've used it for disk imaging and a few games that look really cool on the Green Screen. (it has a really long persistence phosphor.)

Next to that in the top right corner is the original non-backlit Macintosh Portable (1989).  Yes, the screen is on, this just shows how you need the lighting just right to see the screen.  I'm fortunate to have one of these that is working as many of them have problems.  Mine has a few dead lines on the screen, but I'll just keep enjoying this while I can. It's probably just a matter of time till the screen dies.  This computer is out on display because I enjoy the fact that it's so different than the laptops of today, a design idea that failed.

On the middle row at the left we have an un-enhanced Apple IIe computer (1983).  I was able to buy this computer monitor and disk drive as a set from a retired school teacher who had bought it new.  It needed quite a bit of repair but since completing those repairs it's been super reliable and super fun.  Total Replay anyone?

To the right of that I have a Power Macintosh 8600 / 200 (1997).  This is a "Bridge Machine" that I have blogged about before.  The main reason this machine is still on the wire rack is utility.  It's easy for me to move files off and on this machine from my modern machine and I have three SD cards setup for Mac OS 7.5.5, 8.6, and 9.1, so it can run the first version that is supported by the hardware all the way up to the last version.  The latest upgrades for this machine include a new Logic board and Processor Card (Still 200 MHz), additional RAM, (288 MB Total), and an ATI Rage 129 video card from 1999.  This machine is running better than it's ever run before.

On the bottom row at the left we have a Macintosh 512K (1984).  Like so many of these machines it started out life as an original Mac 128K but got upgraded fairly early in life.  It has been continuously upgraded to keep it going since then.  It's possible that the only original thing on it is the chassis but I feel very fortunate to have this machine and I enjoy playing some of the classic games and booting Mac OS 1.  It's an absolutely iconic design, and the only system in the display that boots and runs exclusively from floppies.

Last but not least on the wire rack in the bottom right corner is my latest PC Build.  This is a PCI based 486 DX2-80 (1995).  I built this with parts and pieces from a friend and other items I had around.  This is both a Retro Gaming rig with a Sound Blaster in it and a Disk Imaging machine with a 5 1/4" 360 K Floppy drive.  It works great so far, but I just built it, so I'll need to keep it out where I can power it up and keep using it to work out any kinks in the build.

Honorable mention, I also have a Tandy Model 102 (1983) slab top machine that I keep out on display in a different part of my office.  I really appreciate the unique design of this machine.  Another form factor that really didn't last into the modern computer era.  I've recently got a flash based storage solution for this machine, so I'm looking forward to digging in more on this machine, including loading some of the BASIC games onto the machine.

I have more machines but they are all stored in a much less convenient location.  Some of those machines are plugged in and can be run, too, but they get significantly less use than these ones that are out.

My newest Apple, the Apple IIc

I've recently acquired a "new to me" Apple IIc.  A friend of mine who is also a retro computer enthusiast was keeping an eye out for me, and a friend of his was looking to keep their families Apple IIc out of the waste stream, so this was a win for everyone.

This lot included the computer, a carrying case, floppy disks, and manuals from the period.  I have a fascination with these manuals, and I'm currently about a 1/4 of the way through the Owners Manual shown on top of the computer here....

I didn't want to power the unit up till I'd done some preliminary checks and cleaning, so I started by testing the mouse on my 512K Mac, it is partly working, but there's something wrong with the Vertical encoder, as the mouse will go up but not down.  I spent an hour or two opening that up and trying to identify a problem, but I was not able to identify a broken connection, or dirt on the encoder wheels.  It's possible the IR LED or phototransistors are no longer working, and this is a repair that I have not yet been successful with on old mice that I've worked on.  Let me know in the comments below if you have any ideas or suggestions about resources for mouse repair.

I took the computer apart to check for condition, it all appears normal inside, not too dirty, although I did a through cleaning on the outside, and a bit of cleaning up of dust on the inside...

In addition to cleaning, I checked for leaking caps, and also took the drive cage off enough to clean the drive read / write head with rubbing alcohol.  I also checked the voltage of the external Power Supply at the plug, and it was reading good.

After putting it back together, the computer works as expected right away...

I checked the ROM version at the BASIC prompt, and it's ROM version 0, so SmartPort support is included (there's also a sticker showing a 3.5" floppy disk above the drive port on the back).  So, using FloppyEmu in SmartPort mode, Total Replay works, which is awesome!

Since I didn't get the matching 9" green screen with this computer, I paired it with an Apple IIe Composite Color Monitor, and built a little two sided stand for the monitor that still allows access to the floppy disk drive on the right side of the machine.

So, the Apple IIc takes its place in the collection both as an excellent gaming machine and as a disk imaging machine using FloppyEmu and the built in 5 1/4" floppy should I need to make disks for any of my other Apple IIs.

Remaining tasks for this computer include the mouse repair mentioned above, and repairing the Kraft KC3 joystick.  I'll try to buy another KC3 on eBay in order to harvest a potentiometer out of the stick too repair this one.  This stick was made for so long and in so many variants that not all the parts are interchangeable, so I'm trying to find ones with the right FCC ID hoping that the potentiometers will be interchangeable, as these are no longer being manufactured.

And finally, the case plastics have yellowed.  Perhaps when summer comes in Minnesota, I'll add this computer to the list of computer cases that need retrobright treatment.  The case did clean up pretty good, so I'm considering just leaving it as is.

Apple II Plus - Trash to Treasure - Part II

In the last update, we left off with the Apple II Plus able to power on, but without testing either the keyboard or any of the hardware.  After the replacement keyboard cable arrived, I plugged the keyboard in for the first test.  Unfortunately, with the Keyboard plugged in I was getting repeated keystrokes over and over again.  I could tell that the Keyboard was working to some degree because when I'd press a key the correct key would come through, but then fill the screen with repeating characters till the next character was pressed.

I started troubleshooting by doing Google searches on the Internet.  My first understanding from what I'd read lead me to believe that the Keyboard Encoder board could have failed, which is a separate board that is attached too but not part of the keyboard on the Apple II and the II Plus.  I found this modern replacement for the Apple II Keyboard Encoder and ordered it.  The great thing about this solution is that it also includes a PS/2 port for attaching a modern keyboard. With this board and a modern keyboard you have a complete known good keyboard solution for the Apple II or the Plus.  After this arrive and I plugged it in, it had no effect, the problem persisted.

So, understanding that this problem was not with the Keyboard or the Keyboard Encoder board, this pushed me back to looking at and considering the motherboard.  I had read about the book "The Apple II Circuit Description", and so after my failure to properly diagnose the initial problem, I decided it was time to dig in and read this.  I read through the introductory parts of each chapter, and also dug in a bit on the Keyboard I/O schematic.  Feeling a bit unsure after the disappointment with the Encoder board, I decided it was time to reach out on the Vintage Computer Forums.  As has happened before, I received some great advice.  It ended up being one and only one bad 74xx Logic chip, replacing this with a new device solved the repeating key problem!

After testing the keyboard, I determined that four of the keys were not working, the previous cleaning had not been enough to rejuvenate them.  By using the Ohmmeter I was able to determine that the key switch contact was not closing.  Having repaired individual key switches before using a procedure demonstrated on Adrian's Digital Basement, I removed the problem keys by desoldering them from the keyboard, dis-assembling them, and carefully cleaning the switch plates.  These ended up being Alps short-step switches, so the mechanism was a bit unfamiliar.  I found that for some of the switches I had to spray contact cleaner in between the plates, then blow it out with compressed air a couple of times to clear the contact of whatever was preventing the circuit from closing.

After getting a complete working Keyboard, it was time too test the RAM.   I've attached my Disk Controller II card from my Apple IIe, and FloppyEmu to this system, but I did not have any success loading software onto this Apple II Plus, other than successfully loading DOS 3.3.   It turned out that part of my problem was not understanding how the DOS system worked, I needed to go back and read about that, too.  This simple list of DOS commands was helpful.  After I learned that this is a 48K Apple, and that because it's an Apple II Plus, it has Applesoft in ROM and not Integer Basic, then I started to understand why I could load certain programs and not others.

At this point, I was finally able to load and successfully run Apple-Cillin diagnostics on the machine.  Using this tool I was able to diagnose that the machine did indeed have some bad RAM.  By doing trial and error using the first bank of 16K of RAM, I was able to condemn four RAM chips and set aside another group of RAM chips that are working, but their legs are broken. Again, due to the fantastic Retro Computing community's online contributions, I learned that the electronics distributor Jameco still has the correct RAM chips in stock.  I ordered a bunch in order to replenish the top bank to bring this machine back to 48K, and have a few spares as well.

With either 32K or 48K, I can't run most of the Apple II software that's out there from my childhood because most of that requires a 64K machine, but I have the Apple IIe for that.  I think I'll try to outfit this machine to behave as an original Apple II.  Original Apple II prices have gotten a bit crazy, but I did find this cool modern card, a MultiROM card that allows the machine to load Integer Basic, or boot to the monitor and behave just like an original Apple II.  I put this on order, and with the the current situation with shipping during the Holidays, this project will go back on hold for a while.

Thanks for reading!  Let me know in the comments or in email what memories you have of the Apple II, II Plus, or IIe.  One of the things I'm currently researching is what people did with their Apple IIs with less than 64K RAM, what games were popular from the late seventies up till 1981 or '82?

Apple II Plus - Trash to Treasure - Part 1

One of my goals in Retro Computing is to learn about older and older computers, and work my way back in time, one generation of computers at a time.  The nostalgia factor is certainly important for me, but I’m also interested in the tech that came before.  In my own retro computing development, I’d been keeping my eye out for an Apple II Plus machine.  I have an Apple IIe that I’ve already mentioned, and have been interested in the experience of using the original Apple II's since I’ve never owned one of the original “Trinity” of home computers.  Finding an original Apple II (not a Plus) seems a bit out of my price range at this point, but perhaps someday I’ll be able to repair an original Apple II.

My opportunity for a II+ came in mid November of this year, when a trusted retro computer seller on Craigslist posted a Bell and Howell “Darth Vader” computer in need of some serious help.  As Apple fans will know, this was a partly re-branded Apple II Plus, Bell and Howell painted it black, and since it’s a bit more rare it’s more valuable.  The seller and I had a phone conversation about the state of the machine, which was poor, but I was able to convince him to sell me the machine regardless of the state.

The state of the computer was not good.  The biggest problem with this computer was that the top cover had been removed before the computer was stored.  This meant that dust and dirt got inside.  I even found a couple of acorn tops as I was cleaning inside.  The main board had a significant amount of dirt on it, and there was one chip (one of the ROMs) that had bent pins  It seems likely that something very heavy was dropped onto this chip causing the pin legs to bend.

So on intake, it was obvious that I should not even try to power the machine on without doing a lot of cleaning first.  I started by taking the top half off the case, removing the power supply, main logic board, keyboard, and backpack from the unit.

I started with the logic board.  I used the cleaning method that Adrian Black has been demonstrating, warm soapy water in my basement laundry sink.  I used Dawn dish detergent, warm water, and brushes for the initial cleaning.  It took quite a bit of time because there are more than 80 chips on the board that all needed to be cleaned around, but it was very gratifying to see how much better the board looked after.

Also, at this point I was able to get a look at the date code on the board and discover that this II Plus was made in 1981, so this would have been the third year of production for the II+, starting in 1979.  After the initial clean of the logic board, I shifted gears to the power supply.   I had already serviced the power supply in my Apple IIe, but this one had an additional rivet on either side that I had to drill out.  The RIFA cap was certainly on its way out (bulging) so I'm glad I saved the smelly mess associated with a power on test.  I removed and replaced with a new X type filter cap that I had in stock.  When I put the power supply back together and tested voltages, it was not working correctly.  I remembered that as I was re-assembling it, the circuit board had flexed quite a bit.  Since this board has a heavy transformer in the middle, I think this design is prone to getting cracked solder joints at the transformer.  After I reflowed the joints on the transformer and several other components while I was at it, the power supply was working with all voltages reading good.

Next, I tackled the keyboard.  One of the things I dislike about the Apple II Plus is the use of ribbon cables with DIP connectors on the end.  I didn’t realize how fragile these were, and as I was taking the computer apart, I broke pins on the interconnect cable between the logic board and the keyboard.  Thankfully, I was able to find this article online, I ordered the replacement cable from DigiKey, and it is on the way.  This keyboard has the SKCC Short Stems with the extenders installed, and it ended up being significantly less dirty than the previous one I’d cleaned. My son especially enjoys keyboard cleanup (I think it reminds him of Legos), so he helped me with this part of the project.  We pulled all the keys and gave them a soak, he helped me go over them all with a toothbrush, they look great.  I then worked on the keyboard deck, using the same procedure I described in the Apple IIe article with lots of Isopropyl and DeOxit.

The next day, after the main logic board had dried, and on further inspection, I needed to do more spot cleaning on the logic board.   This time I used Isopropyl and  Q-Tips to get in close to each chip.  I was also able to pull out the damaged ROM chip, inspect the socket, and re-bend the pins back into place.  I made a note of the location since this may require further inspection and repair, but at first glance, it looked like that socket had not been damaged, and none of the pins broke off.

At this point, I was able to give the system its first power up, a very exciting moment indeed.  Sadly, there was no video from the machine.  So, this sent me back to looking more closely at the board.  What I noticed was that because there had been so much dirt on the board, there was dirt on the legs of many ICs where they entered into the sockets on the board.  So, as time consuming as this would be, I felt it would be important to pull every IC out of the socket, inspect the IC, clean the legs if needed, and spray De-Oxit into every socket.  Given that there are more than 80 ICs, I divided this task up into a couple of parts.

During this part of the repair, I broke multiple legs off three different ICs.  Again, using another trick I’ve seen from Adrian Black, I was able to solder a small (28ga) solid copper wire back on in place of these legs and get the chips plugged back into their sockets.  I’m super happy that I didn’t have to order any additional chips. (Yet, knock on wood)

On completion of reseating all of the chips on the board, it was time for another power on test.  This time, there was Video, along with the Apple ][  logo at the top and the ] BASIC prompt, a very happy moment indeed!

At this point in the repair there remains a good deal more work to do; the keyboard is non functional, the RAM should be tested, I should add a Floppy Disk controller, but this article has gotten a bit long so I will leave off here for now.

Apple IIe Repair and Use

The Apple IIe was the first computer I spent a significant amount of time working on, because it’s the computer they had at my junior high and high school in rural Wisconsin.  I remember playing Oregon Trail and the original Castle Wolfenstein at school in the school library.  But these were also our workhorse computers that we used to learn BASIC programming and for word processing with AppleWorks.

So, it was with great excitement that I started in watching Adrian Black and various other vintage and retro tech YouTubers dig in on these Apple II computers, learning how they work, how to repair them, and work on cleaning and restoration.  Full schematics are avaliable, and really excellent troubleshooting material from back in the day is also up on the ‘Net.

Because I’m always trying to keep my hobby affordable, I didn’t rush out and buy the first Apple II computer I could find, I made several offers, and was finally able to land a nice-looking example from a family that was cleaning out their basement.  The lot of items for sale included the Apple IIe itself, an Apple Color Monitor, a single Floppy Disk drive, and many floppies and manuals.  I purchased this at the beginning of October, the seller “didn’t know if it works”, so I was prepared for the fact that it probably wouldn’t work.

So after getting the unit home, the first thing I did was to take the power supply out.  The RIFA cap had blow, I could still smell it. I wondered if they had tried to test it and let the smoke out of the cap recently.  I removed the RIFA cap and then tested the Power Supply voltages.  Those checked out good, so I tried to power up the monitor next.  The monitor powered up without incident.  Then, the moment of truth, I powered up the computer (without any cards in it), and it booted right to the BASIC prompt.  A very exciting moment!

After poking around for a few minutes, I realized that some of the keys on the keyboard were not working.  The keyboard was filthy.  It seems likely that this machine had been stored in the previous owners basement, perhaps for decades.  The next order of buisness was to clean the keyboard throughly.  I washed the keycaps, and did what I could to clean the keyboard from the top and bottom with liberal use of Isopropyl Alcohol.  I sprayed a liberal amount of DeOxit into each key and cycled each key a dozen times or more.  This brought back about 1/2 of the non-functioning keys, but there were still three keys that I had to remove.  I was able to take these three key switches (SKCC long stems) apart and clean the removable metal contacts, then replace them in the switch housing.  Try that with a computer that isn’t 30 years old!  This restored all the keys on the keyboard to full function, and it’s been working fine ever since.

The next set of repairs centered around the Floppy Disk drive.  I was excited about getting the Apple Disk II device up and running, there’s something so nostalgic for me about the sound that the Apple II drives make when the computer starts.  When I first received the drive, I heard something rattling around loose inside and so before powering the drive up, I needed to open the drive and determine what that rattling sound was all about.  It turns out that the lever on the bottom left floppy disk guide had broken off.  This lever must remain connected, yet flexible, so I used some strong Gaffers tape to get it back in place so that when a floppy was pushed in, that lever would sense the write protect notch and operate the micro switch inside the drive.  I don’t expect this repair to last forever, but it’s been OK so far.

After this, the Floppy Disk drive did work for some time. After going through about the first 20 disks in the collection, it stopped working, and I plugged in FloppyEmu and was back up and running.  Honestly FloppyEmu is such a great product that I’ll probably keep using it, if it wasn’t for that distinct sound, and wanting to check out the programs on these disks that came  with the computer.  So, eventually I opened the drive back up, an found this on the main drive circuit...

Look at the capacitor on the upper right hand corner.  The right end of the capacitor has completely blown out of the device and there’s literally nothing left inside.  I was able to replace all three electrolytic capacitors with caps that I had in my stock bins, and get the drive back up and running.  I hear that not much else can go wrong with these drives, so I expect this drive to be operating when when the last of the Double Density floppy disks wear out.

So, with the Apple Disk II drive as Drive 1 and the FloppyEmu as Drive 2, I was able to boot off of a disk copy program and copy various disk images back out to Floppy disk.  I was able to make ProDos disks this way, and some games like Flapple Bird.

Along the way I made some simple, silly mistakes, too, like accidentally pushing the color / monochrome button on the front of the monitor, then closing the door and forgetting that setting.  I spent almost an hour trying to figure out why the image was monochrome, then remembered the monitor setting, which I now understand is there to help reduce color fringing with text in 80 column mode.

Anyway, the Apple IIe is up and running and I just couldn’t be any happier with the result, what a classic machine!  It’s been my go to game machine for classics like Donkey Kong and Choplifter since it’s been running.  I’ve also been able to use it in testing a much more broken Apple II Plus machine, but more on that in a future article.

Do you have memories of Apple IIe?  If so let me know in the comments below, or send me an email.